Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay - 2002 Words

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent trauma and stress related disorder (Narrow, et al 2002). In Australia, 7.2% of population who belong to the 16-85 years old group have suffered from PTSD (McEvoy, et al 2011). A statistic also revealed that 4.6% of males and 8.3% of females have been suffering PTSD for over 12 months (Australia Bureau of Statistics 2007), hence, it is obvious that PTSD is a serious mental disorder. This essay is going to explore the diagnostic criteria of PTSD, including its four symptoms, and three contributing factors also will be analyzed, namely: occupational factor, interpretation of threat and social support. The following diagnostic criteria mainly derive from â€Å"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder 5† (DSM-5), published by America Psychiatric Association (APA 2013). PTSD needs to involve the direct or indirect experience of the traumatic event is the first diagnostic criterion, such as severe injury, actual death or threatened death and sex related violence. Moreover, if people are witnessing the event, learning it from intimate people, or exposing to the traumatic information constantly, they are experiencing the traumatic event indirectly (APA 2013, p. 271). The second criterion contains four symptoms of PTSD (Michael Ronald 2015). The intrusion thought is the first symptom, which happens when the traumatic dreams or memories repeat in an uncontrollable manner. This makes people relive these experiences, in theShow MoreRelatedPosttraumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )994 Words   |  4 PagesPosttraumatic stress disorder, also known as PTSD, is a psychological problem that according to Nebraska Department of Veterans’ Affairs, in 2007, 7.8 percent of Americans will experience at some point in their lives. Posttraumatic stress disorder has a range of symptoms that affects the life of the person who suffers from the disorder and close friends and family. However, there is hope for the person suffering from PTSD and six different theoretical models to choose from. Posttraumatic stressRead MorePosttraumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )2353 Words   |  10 PagesIndividuals that show to have Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are significantly affected both mentally and emotionally due to the exposure to a traumatic event. PTSD is a life-long disorder that is being seen diagnosed more and more among returning soldiers and sexually-violated individuals. Because of its increased detection, the importance of constructing effective treatments for individuals living with PTSD is becoming increasingly recognized. Although effectively treating PTSD has shown to be ratherRead MorePtsd And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder1216 Words   |  5 PagesPTSD or Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is a growing concern with our returning soldiers. As technology is advancing, battles are becoming more and more gruesome. The scars from defending your country are not only physical. Some scars may not be visible, but are even more dangerous. The trauma imbedded in these men and women’s heads will cause pain for them and their entire family. The dictionary definition of PTSD is a serious condition that can develop after a person has experienced or witnessedRead MorePosttraumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1260 Words   |  6 PagesPosttraumatic Stress Disorder In today society, many people go through many tragic events in a life time. One of the most common disorders is posttraumatic stress disorder. This disorder is can be exposed to violent events such as rape, child abuse, war, domestic violence. This disorder thought to be only on war veterans who have been involved in combat. But this disorder is not only limited to soldiers but to any person. Anybody can go through posttraumatic stress disorder who has had horribleRead MorePosttraumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )3006 Words   |  13 PagesPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder that may occur in some people following a traumatic event. PTSD and depression often coexist due to the similar characteristics of PTSD and depression as well as the nature of a traumatic event inducing PTSD as well as depressive symptoms per DSM-5 guidelines. PTSD has been noted to coexist with diabetes as well in several research studies. The etiology, prevalence, and symp toms of PTSD, depression and PTSD associated withRead MorePosttraumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )2078 Words   |  9 Pagesadults who experience traumatic events this year will go on to develop Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. It is estimated that 31 million United States citizens are suffering from the disorder at any given moment. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is one of the world’s most prominent psychological issues, despite the fact that several people are not even familiar with its name. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that may occur after experiencing traumatizing events or being involvedRead MorePosttraumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1514 Words   |  7 PagesDescription Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is defined as â€Å"a condition that generates waves of anxiety, anger, aggression, depression and suspicion; threatens a person’s sense of self; and interferes with daily life functioning† (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle Cheever, 2010, p. 99). As human beings, we are built with different type of emotions and feelings that can endanger us or benefit us. When faced with a traumatic life event, an individual will either overcome the event and become strongerRead MorePosttraumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1176 Words   |  5 PagesPosttraumatic Stress Disorder(commonly known as PTSD) is disorder that occurs after an event which has had a traumatizing effect on an individual. A traumatizing event would include life threatening events, emotionally traumatic events, terrifying events, and even rape. The effects of PTSD are anxiety, violent rages, consistent nightmares, and terrifying flashbacks. Symptoms of PTSD usually emerge after 3 months af ter the incident, but symptoms can also be evident even years later. Individuals thatRead MorePosttraumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1402 Words   |  6 Pages Posttraumatic Growth in Relation to Resilience Trauma is common but not all survivors experience posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD). In the National Comorbidity Survey, trauma exposure rates exceeded 50%, yet lifetime PTSD was estimated at 7.8% (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, Nelson,1995). These ï ¬ ndings have been replicated and found to be consistent suggesting that most people exposed to trauma can retain a stable equilibrium without reactive psychopathology (Bonanno, 2004; Bonanno,GaleaRead MorePosttraumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1275 Words   |  6 PagesPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be defined as â€Å" a complex disorder in which a person’s memory, emotional responses, intellectual process, and nervous system have been disrupted by one or more traumatic experiences†(Swan Persis, 2016). It is trauma and stressor related, a disorder that depends on a factor outside a person. Types of events that can lead to the development of PTSD include physical assault, rape and sexual assault, milita ry combat, torture, mass violence, natural disasters

Baptist Confessions Free Essays

This essay will consider the English Baptist-Separatist Confession of 1609 and the Mennonite-Dordrecht Confession of 1633. (M) and (B) are used to distinguish the two documents. These two confessions, or statements of belief, are separated by only 24 years in time, and a relatively short distance geographically, one in Holland and one in England, yet there are a number of differences. We will write a custom essay sample on Baptist Confessions or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was John Smyth, a former Anglican minister, who drew up the Separatist confession. He later sought to align his church more with the Mennonites and after his death many of his congregation did become Mennonites. Despite this he is considered to be a founding father of the Baptist denomination. During the reign of Elizabeth I death was the penalty in England for those holding Anabaptist beliefs according to the Reformed Reader web site. The other document tells us in its heading that it came out of the Dutch Mennonite conference held at Dordrecht . The Mennonites were Anabaptist followers of Menno Simons, a Dutch religious reformer and former Catholic priest who had died some 72 years earlier in 1561. Between 1530 and the1590’s some 2,000 believers died for their faith in Holland according to the Continental European Protestantism web page. They were officially tolerated from then on, but many refused to fight in wars on Holland’s part, and preferred to flee elsewhere, some to Poland and the Ukraine and other to America. So both these confessions came at a time when official persecution was lessening. First of all one is much briefer than the other. Although it has some 20 sections the Separatist confession has only short discourses under each heading and runs to less than 2 pages of foolscap, whereas the Mennonite document, although it has only 19 sections is very much longer and more detailed. It is one of many Mennonite statements of faith. A much shorter version can be found on modern day Mennonite web sites. The first 6 of its articles are concerned with things generally believed. Then come articles concerned with the life of the church and includes the sacraments of baptism and communion. Articles 13 (M) onwards are concerned more with legal matters such as the relationship between believers and the secular authorities. The final section consists of a declaration of 1659 made by London based Anabaptists and is a refutation of accusations that had been made against them. Rather than a statement of belief it emphasises what they don’t believe e. g. that though they do not themselves practise infant baptism they believe that others should be allowed to follow their own consciences as they would wish to. They state very strongly that they are opposed to the Quakers, but at the same time wish to be tolerant and allow them to practice freely as they believe. They do come out strongly against ‘popery’, whom they blame for many deaths. Although concerned with freedom of conscience they are anxious to let it be known that they will not support miscarriages of justice. This is in response to the fact that at the time of writing it Mennonites could be imprisoned simply for belonging to the group according to Cornelius Dyck in ‘An Introduction to Mennonite History’, pages 133 and 134. The Mennonites, although sticking to what they believe, are anxious to get on with rest of society. They have a section (13) (M) stating that God has allowed secular people to be in authority. In practice this means that though Mennonites will not go to war they will work under secular authorities in such areas as disaster relief and issues of social justice. Baptists too are concerned with such matters as in such organisations as the Baptist Missionary Society. The English Baptist statement spends a larger proportion of its text upon matters of faith and these are given priority. Only three articles, numbers 16-18, (B) are concerned with church business, i. e. who may dispense the word and the sacraments, how to deal with persistent sinners and how to interact with them in civil matters. The Mennonites also make statements of faith of course, but these are intermixed to some extent with such matters as the election of officers and dealing with sinners. On the latter subject the Mennonites are quite strict , referring to the separation from and the total shunning of reprobates, though they do put this in a positive light as being a way of making the person make amends and not in order to cause their destruction ( articles 16 and17 (M)). The Baptists are more pragmatic in their approach. They describe in article 17 (B) how to deal with those who persevere in their sins, but go on to say in the next article that such people are not to be avoided in worldly business. Regarding church practices an obvious difference is the inclusion of foot washing by the Mennonites, article 11,(M) which they felt was commanded by Christ in John 13 v 1- 15. They are one of several Christian groups throughout history who have practised this symbolic act, although it seems unlikely that it was included among the practices of the early church. The Baptists make no mention of marriage, despite the fact that many branches of the church consider it to be a sacrament. The Mennonites on the other hand state that it is God ordained and that St Paul allowed it within the church. (Article 12 (M)) They do state though that it should be between Christians who share common doctrine. In practice this means of course fellow Mennonites. Regarding Baptism the English Baptists make it very clear that it cannot be given to infants ( Article 14 (B)). The Mennonites in their confession ( Article 7 (M)) do not directly mention infants, but make it clear that it is for those who understand what they are doing and confess to faith, whereas this Baptist confession merely says that it is an external sign of the remission of sins, but makes no mention of public confession of faith. The Baptist confession describes its ministers as bishops and also mentions deacons and widows. (Article 16 (B)) It describes the church simply as ‘a company of the faithful’,( Article 12(B)) and gives the whole body authority to make decisions. ( article 13 (B)). The Mennonites refer to the church in much more elaborate language as the bride of Christ and the inhabitation of God in the Spirit. The Mennonites refer to the church leaders in slightly different terms as teachers, deacons and deaconesses, though they do make it clear further on that the latter term refers to widows. They refer to Jesus as the Bishop ( Article 9 (M)) and it is men who will do the teaching. There are of course many areas in which the two documents are in agreement. E. g. both refer to God as a trinity and as creator and that good works come out of faith rather than the other way round. In Article 5 (B) the Separatist states that there is ‘no original sin’ i. e. one is not a sinner by descent. This is in total contrast to Article 2 (M) of the Mennonite confession which states that because of the disobedience of Adam and Eve sin came into the world and has descended to all mankind, though both agree that man can be redeemed through Christ. The Mennonites are very concerned that faith is up to the individual, which explains their tolerance to the state and willingness to pay taxes etc. ( Article 13 (M)) Regarding communion, Menno left the Catholic church in part because of his lack of belief in the actual presence of Christ in the elements. The Mennonite document speaks rather of a holy supper,(Article 10 (M)), as commanded by Christ and in memory of what he had done. Smyth describes it on the other hand as ‘an external sign of the communion of Christ and of the faithful’ – Article 15 (B) and makes no mention of it being either a command or a memorial. Mennonites do not take oaths and quote scripture to back this up. They ask that others will understand and just take them at their word. Another area mentioned by the Mennonites and not by the Baptists is what they refer to as revenge, but which perhaps their fellow countrymen saw as justified war fare. The Mennonite statement in article 14 (M) explains their scriptural reasoning for this stand. Baptists would agree with them, but for some reason it is not mentioned. Many of the differences in these two documents are simply due to the type of authorship – one man as against a committee, the later being careful to check with each other before committing themselves to final wording, not omitting any point considered valid, hence the more complex language and greater length. Ye both groups would agree about many things – the need for faith and understanding before baptism, the greatness of God and the unique nature of Christ and his redeeming action. Both share a belief in the resurrection and in life eternal, even though they express this in slightly different ways, the Mennonites backing up their statements with scripture and the Baptists seemingly taking this as understood. These two groups came into being because of the Reformation and new ideas that were around at that time, especially with regard to the onus on an individual to come to faith, rather than being automatically part of the church, because he had been baptised as an infant, without either faith or understanding on his part. The biggest difference between the two seems to be with regard to man’s sinful nature and how he acquired it.. Baptists and Mennonites continue to worship and live according to their conscience. Not every Christian would agree with every word written in these confessions, but it is to be hoped, that like the writers and followers they would be tolerant in Christian love. Biblography Dyck, Cornelius J. An Introduction to Mennonite History, Herald Press, Pennsylvania,1993 Electronic Sources Central European Protestantism, Mennonites found at http://philtar. ucsm. ac. uk/encyclopedia/christ/cep/menn. html retrieved 28th September 2007 Mennonites found at http://mb-soft. com/believe/text/mennonit. htm retrieved 28th September 2007. English Baptist Separatist Confessions found at The Reformed Reader http://www. reformedreader. org/ccc/esbc. htm retrieved 28th September 2007 How to cite Baptist Confessions, Papers

POLITICAL SCIENCE 283.01 TERM PAPER Essay Example For Students

POLITICAL SCIENCE 283.01 TERM PAPER Essay Learning from World War II Submitted on November 15th, 2004 World War I was a war to end all wars. Before World War I, the common attitude towards war was that of adventure and excitement. Four months in to the Great War, the term war brought fear, dismay and a sense of loss. In this war, most people were killed, most property destroyed and the most lives disrupted in comparison to other wars fought before 1914. A lesson was learned from this war. Wars are disruptive, dangerous and unnecessary. To ensure that conflicts do not arise to a full-scale war, Western leaders at the Paris Peace Conference established an organization called the League of Nations as a part of the infamous Treaty of Versailles in 1919. On September 1st, 1939, a war greater, more terrible and the most destructive than the War of 1914 to 1918 started. If World War I was a war to end all wars, why did a second world war many times worse occur? The more important question is how can we subdue conflicts and avoid wars altogether? In the following essay, I will explore the lessons that could be learned from World War II. To do so, I will first investigate roots and causes of the war. Second, I will critically analyze the causes to understand if and how they may have been overcome. Finally, I will state what lessons, in my opinion, are to be learned from the second war to end all wars. According to Keith Eubank, the roots of World War II start from the end of World War I and the Treaty of Versailles. Relations between the Allies themselves and the Allies and their defeated enemies deteriorated furthermore as a consequence of the negotiations and attempts to implement the Treaty (Bottom). The Treaty of Versailles constitutes of 440 articles outlining the creation of the League of Nations; political clauses for Europe; German rights, military; naval and air clauses, prisoners of wars; penalties; reparations; financial and economic clauses and land and population distributions. The Treaty of Versailles was also a slap to Germanys face. The Treaty demanded key economic areas from Germany, place severe military conditions on the German Army, asked the country to pay war reparations for the entire war and take blame for the cause and horrible results of the war. This treaty left Germany not only in economic shambles and vulnerable to future military intrusions from neighbouring countries from the lack of a strong army, but also in emotional dismay, which played a major role in the coming of the Nazi Party and Hitler. Hitler exploited the popular dissatisfaction stemming from the German defeat in World War I and more significantly from the disgrace arising from the terms imposed in German by the treaty of Versailles. Germany was economical broken at the end of World War I and even more so after the passing of the Treaty. During the Great Depression, Germany hit rock bottom. Hitler also exploited this situation and the emotions that arose from it. It was thus, possible for Hitler to organize his own political movement, National Socialism, and to build the largest and strongest political party in Germany in 1933. Hitlers well published agenda to the dissatisfied German population was to reverse the verdict of the Treaty and break bonds imposed on Germany by this Treaty. Hitler promised Germans that he would restore Germany to predominance in European affairs. In my opinion, the events that led to Hitlers coming of power are the utmost tip of the root of World War II. At this point of the essay, it is important to write on Adolph Hitlers and the Nazi Partys foreign policy to critically analyse this major root of World War II. According to Eubank, Hitlers ultimate goal was to dominate Europe, which started with Czechoslovakia and then Poland on September 1, 1939. Eubank states that Hitlers objective to expand the third Reich cannot be argued. .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a , .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a .postImageUrl , .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a , .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a:hover , .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a:visited , .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a:active { border:0!important; } .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a:active , .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u38417026d94f1cc88964a4cdce969a2a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Abe And Isaac Essay In Hossbach memorandum, Hitler states, We demand. the revocation of peace treaties. We demand land and territory to feed our people and settle our surplus population. Wright and Stafford, author of A Blueprint for World War?, write that there can be no argument that Hitler and the Nazi Party were primarily seeking land. Hitler and the Nazi Party always had the premise objectives to expand German territory by principally demolishing the rearmament restrictions. For us it is a matter of expanding our living space in the East and making food .